---

---

“Handbook of Self and Identity is dynamite....Almost every finding relates uncannily to the issues my patients bring to sessions....The editors' care and scrutiny are evident throughout this attractive volume. The book is well-organized, well-indexed, and easy to read.”

—Psychiatric Services


“Terrific. A handbook should provide a comprehensive and current review of the field it covers, and the Handbook of Self and Identity delivers in each respect. This handbook would make a fine introduction in an advanced undergraduate course (assuming knowledgeable and engaged students), and an even better review of the field for graduate students....The book is also valuable to professionals working in the areas of self and identity.”

—PsycCRITIQUES


“This is a well-written book by influential authors who are experts in this field....It is an important book for researchers and clinicians.”

—Doody's Reviews


“Provides a useful overview for advanced students and researchers interested in the self, and, more important, some needed perspective on the way forward.”

—PsycCRITIQUES


“This is a very useful collection of essays for the researchers and academicians in philosophy, cognitive science and neuroscience as well as in psychology and especially in social and cognitive psychology....A very timely and valuable contribution to the current interdisciplinary discussions of the self, especially given the recent upsurge in theoretical and empirical interest in self-related topics. I recommend this book for anyone who wants to have a broader understanding of the self and how our identities are shaped in a social, historical, psychological and neurological point of view.”

—Metapsychology Online Reviews


“Take the world’s leading authorities on the psychology of the self and ask them to write about what they know best, and you have the Handbook of Self and Identity. Now in its second edition, this remarkable handbook offers the first and last word on this important subject.”

—Daniel Gilbert, PhD, Department of Psychology, Harvard University


“Building on the strengths of the first edition, the editors have assembled an all-star team of experts to address classic topics and emerging areas of inquiry into the many and varied facets of self and identity. Bringing together individual and social perspectives, this handbook serves as a powerful reminder that self and identity are rooted in biological, social, and cultural contexts, and have far-reaching consequences for how people think, feel, and act as individuals and as members of relationships and groups. Quite simply, this handbook is a 'must read.'”

—Mark Snyder, PhD, McKnight Presidential Chair in Psychology, University of Minnesota


“I was tempted to assign nearly every chapter of this volume in my graduate Self and Identity class. Each chapter is cogent, neatly summarizes past work, and provides insights into future directions. The Handbook has been an outstanding text for this course.”

—Jeffrey Green, PhD, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University

---

Table of Contents

1. The Self as an Organizing Construct in the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Mark R. Leary and June Price Tangney

I. Awareness, Cognition, and Regulation

2. Self as Psycho-Social Dynamic Processing System: Toward a Converging Science of Selfhood, Carolyn C. Morf and Walter Mischel

3. Self-Awareness, Charles S. Carver

4. Self, Self-Concept, and Identity, Daphna Oyserman, Kristen Elmore, and George Smith

5. Organization of Self-Knowledge: Features, Functions, and Flexibility, Carolin J. Showers and Virgil Zeigler-Hill

6. Reflected Appraisal through a 21st-Century Looking Glass, Harry M. Wallace and Dianne M. Tice

7. Expandable Selves, Gregory M. Walton, David Paunesku, and Carol S. Dweck

8. Implicit Self and Identity, Thierry Devos, Que-Lam Huynh, and Mahzarin R. Banaji

9. Self-Regulation and the Executive Function of the Self, Roy F. Baumeister and Kathleen D. Vohs

10. Self-Efficacy, James E. Maddux and Jennifer T. Gosselin

11. Multiple Identities within a Single Self: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on Internalization within Contexts and Cultures, Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci

12. Self-Regulation Failure and Health: Pathways to Mental and Physical Illness, Timothy J. Strauman and Elena L. Goetz

13. Hypo-Egoic Mindsets: Antecedents and Implications of Quieting the Self, Mark R. Leary and Meredith L. Terry

II. Evaluation, Motivation, and Emotion

14. Social Self-Analysis: Constructing and Maintaining Personal Identity, Mark D. Alicke, Corey L. Guenther, and Ethan Zell

15. Contingencies of Self-Worth, Jennifer Crocker and Lora E. Park

16. Self-Protection, Constantine Sedikides

17. Individual Differences in Self-Esteem, Geoff MacDonald and Mark R. Leary

18. Freedom versus Fear Revisited: An Integrative Analysis of the Dynamics of the Defense and Growth of Self, Tom Pyszczynski, Jeff Greenberg, and Jamie Arndt

19. Self-Verification: The Search for Coherence, William B. Swann, Jr., and Michael D. Buhrmester

20. Self and Emotion, Paul J. Silvia and Kari M. Eddington

21. Self-Conscious Emotions, June Price Tangney and Jessica L. Tracy

III. Interpersonal Behavior and Culture

22. The Relation of Self to Social Perception, David Dunning

23. Social Identity and the Psychology of Groups, Michael A. Hogg

24. Self and Close Relationships, Arthur Aron and Natalie Nardone

25. Self-Presentation, Barry R. Schlenker

26. Contemporary Perspectives on Narcissism and the Narcissistic Personality Type, Frederick Rhodewalt

27. Cultural Models of the Self, Susan E. Cross and Jonathan S. Gore

IV. Physiological, Phylogenetic, and Developmental Perspectives

28. The Two Selves: The Self of Conscious Experience and Its Brain, Stanley B. Klein

29. A Social Neuroscience Perspective on the Self, Jennifer S. Beer

30. Self-Recognition in Animals, Robert W. Mitchell

31. Emerging Self-Processes during Childhood and Adolescence, Susan Harter

---

About the Editors

Mark R. Leary, PhD, is Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at Duke University. His research focuses on the processes by which people think about and evaluate themselves; the effects of self-reflection on emotion and psychological well-being; and how people are influenced by concerns about how they are perceived and evaluated by others. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, and the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, and a recipient of the Lifetime Career Award from the International Society for Self and Identity. Dr. Leary was the founding editor of the journal Self and Identity and is currently Editor of Personality and Social Psychology Review.

• Author's website
• All titles by Mark R. Leary

June Price Tangney, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at George Mason University. A Fellow of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology and of the Association for Psychological Science, she is Associate Editor of American Psychologist. Dr. Tangney’s primary research interest is the development and implications of moral emotions; her current work focuses on moral emotions among incarcerated offenders. A recipient of George Mason University’s Teaching Excellence Award, she strives to integrate service, teaching, and clinically relevant research in both the classroom and her lab.

• Author's website
• All titles by June Price Tangney

---

Contributors

Mark D. Alicke, PhD, Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio

Jamie Arndt, PhD, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri

Arthur Aron, PhD, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York

Mahzarin R. Banaji, PhD, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Roy F. Baumeister, PhD, Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida

Jennifer S. Beer, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas

Michael D. Buhrmester, BA, Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas

Charles S. Carver, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida

Jennifer Crocker, PhD, Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

Susan E. Cross, PhD, Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa

Edward L. Deci, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York

Thierry Devos, PhD, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California

David Dunning, PhD, Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

Carol S. Dweck, PhD, Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California

Kari M. Eddington, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina

Kristen Elmore, MSW, Institute for Social Research, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Elena L. Goetz, BA, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

Jonathan S. Gore, PhD, Department of Psychology, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky

Jennifer T. Gosselin, PhD, Department of Psychology, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, Connecticut

Jeff Greenberg, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona

Corey L. Guenther, PhD, Department of Psychology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska

Susan Harter, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado

Michael A. Hogg, PhD, School of Behavioral and Organizational Sciences, Claremont Graduate University, Los Angeles, California

Que-Lam Huynh, PhD, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California

Stanley B. Klein, PhD, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California

Mark R. Leary, PhD, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

Geoff MacDonald, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

James E. Maddux, PhD, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia

Walter Mischel, PhD, Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York

Robert W. Mitchell, PhD, Department of Psychology, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky

Carolyn C. Morf, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Natalie Nardone, PhD, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York

Daphna Oyserman, PhD, Institute for Social Research, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Lora E. Park, PhD, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York

David Paunesku, MA, Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California

Tom Pyszczynski, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado

Frederick Rhodewalt, PhD (deceased), Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

Richard M. Ryan, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York

Barry R. Schlenker, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida

Constantine Sedikides, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Carolin J. Showers, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma

Paul J. Silvia, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina

George Smith, MS, Institute for Social Research, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Timothy J. Strauman, PhD, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

William B. Swann, Jr., PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas

June Price Tangney, PhD, Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia

Meredith L. Terry, PhD, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

Dianne M. Tice, PhD, Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida

Jessica L. Tracy, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Kathleen D. Vohs, PhD, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Harry M. Wallace, PhD, Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas

Gregory M. Walton, PhD, Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California

Ethan Zell, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina

Virgil Zeigler-Hill, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi

---

Audience

Personality/social and developmental psychologists; also of interest to clinical researchers.

---

Course Use

May serve as a text in advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level courses.

---

Previous editions published by Guilford:

First Edition, © 2003
ISBN: 9781593852375

---

New to this edition:

• Incorporates significant theoretical and empirical advances.
• Nine entirely new chapters.
• Coverage of the social and cognitive neuroscience of self-processes; self-regulation and health; self and emotion; and hypoegoic states, such as mindfulness.